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Ушаков, Вадим Леонидович

Организационные подразделения

Организационная единица

Институт интеллектуальных кибернетических систем

Цель ИИКС и стратегия развития - это подготовка кадров, способных противостоять современным угрозам и вызовам, обладающих знаниями и компетенциями в области кибернетики, информационной и финансовой безопасности для решения задач разработки базового программного обеспечения, повышения защищенности критически важных информационных систем и противодействия отмыванию денег, полученных преступным путем, и финансированию терроризма.

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Ушаков

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Вадим Леонидович

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Теперь показываю 1 - 10 из 12

Только метаданные
Basic Cognitive Architecture, Systemic Inflammation, and Immune Dysfunction in Schizophrenia
(2019) Ushakov, V. L.; Malashenkova, I. K.; Krynskiy, S. A.; Kartashov, S. I.; Ушаков, Вадим Леонидович
The aims of the project were to study the architecture of the brain's neural networks in the process of perceiving individual stimuli that are personally significant, to evaluate the main parameters of immunity and systemic inflammation, and to relate those to brain damage markers and patterns of cognitive-affective disorders in patients with schizophrenia. Materials and Methods. The study involved 35 patients with paranoid schizophrenia and 17 people without cognitive impairment. Clinical information about patients was obtained from the database created in the Alekseev Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No.1, Moscow Department of Health. The immunological arm of the study included the determination of key cytokines, neurotrophic factors, circulating immune complexes, C-reactive protein, cortisol, and immunoglobulins in the blood serum of patients. To study the cognitive functions, original methods of selecting the stimuli and recording the vegetative reactions were used; those allowed for identifying the architecture of neural networks involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Results. In this study, for the first time, changes in humoral immunity and parameters of systemic inflammation were found in patients with schizophrenia. Those changes included an increase in the levels of cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and interferon y, persisted regardless of the duration and nature of the antipsychotic therapy. Moreover, the immunological deviations were associated with the phase of the disease, it indicating their endogenous nature and connection with the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Our pilot neuroimaging studies showed the feasibility of using MRI-compatible polygraphy for creating a group of fMRI images suitable for statistical analysis thus providing an objective assessment of physiological reactions to the presentation of personally-significant stimuli (based on keywords and images from the patient's anamnesis). By using this approach, we were able to detect the activation of neural networks in the associative zones of the left cuneus and precuneus and the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex of both hemispheres, i.e., the areas responsible for the working memory and processes of consciousness. Conclusion. Important novel data have been obtained on the relations between neurophysiological parameters, the cytokine profile and the immune status in schizophrenia.
Только метаданные
fmri and tractographic studies of cognitive systems in the human brain at the norm and the paranoid schizophrenia
(2019) Orlov, V. A.; Malakhov, D. G.; Maslennikova, A. V.; Arkhipov, A. Y.; Ushakov, V. L.; Kartashov, S. I.; Ушаков, Вадим Леонидович
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019. This study is aimed at a systematic study of the work of neural networks of the human brain and their architecture in norm and in schizophrenia. To obtain the neurophysiological data, a unique complex of experimental equipment for world-class neurocognitive studies was used. The data obtained showed a significant decrease in the structural connectivity relationships for the rich club coefficient for a group of schizophrenic patients compared with the norm. Perception of emotionally negative visual and audio stimuli related to delusions in patients with schizophrenia does not lead to a significant decrease in BOLD signal as compared with the norm in Calcarine_L, Cerebelum_4_5_R, ParaHippocampal_LR, Precuneus_L, Temporal_Sup_R areas. The differences found in the structural and functional patterns of cognitive-affective disorders can serve as prognostic biomarkers in patients with schizophrenia and will make a significant contribution to the development of high-tech diagnostics in the early stages of mental illness.
Только метаданные
Contrasting human brain responses to literature descriptions of nature and to technical instructions
(2019) Orlov, V. A.; Malakhov, D. G.; Skiteva, L. I.; Zaidelman, L. Y.; Ushakov, V. L.; Kartashov, S. I.; Korosteleva, A. N.; Ушаков, Вадим Леонидович
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019. The problem of semantic mapping of the brain is one of the urgent problems in human neurocognitive studies. At the present time there are only few studies reported in the world literature, all of which are made on the material and with the participation of English language native speakers. Russian language can thus become the second language for which this kind of research will be carried out, namely, finding out a correspondence between the semantic classes of the Russian vocabulary and the cortical areas responsible for processing these semantic classes when the text is orally presented. To solve this problem, it is necessary to develop techniques that allow us to investigate cognitive and neurolinguistic mechanisms of perception and understanding of the continuous text segments in natural language. In this paper, we present data on the comparative mapping of the human brain structures involved in the perception of meaningful texts containing technical instructions and literature descriptions of nature.
Только метаданные
Research of Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Revealing of the Information Concealing by the Person
(2019) Malakhov, D. G.; Orlov, V. A.; Kartashov, S. I.; Kholodny, Y. I.; Ushakov, V. L.; Ушаков, Вадим Леонидович
© 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. This work is related to the creation of an MR-compatible polygraph and the development of methods for detecting the hierarchy of neural networks of the cognitive organization of hidden memory markers. At the moment, there is practically no scientific work on lie detection, in which both the classical polygraph and the MRI scanner were simultaneously used. Combining these methods will help increase the probability of recognizing the facts of hiding important information and carry out an objective assessment of the truthfulness of the reported information. This method can also be used to detect the level of resistance of operators for emotional stress, assess the perception of emotional stimuli by subjects in neurocognitive tasks.
Только метаданные
Neurophysiological Features of Neutral and Threatening Visual Stimuli Perception in Patients with Schizophrenia
(2021) Kartashov, S. I.; Orlov, V. A.; Maslennikova, A. V.; Ushakov, V. L.; Ушаков, Вадим Леонидович
© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.The authors of this work set a goal to study the features of visual perception of threatening stimulus associated with personal experience in patients with schizophrenia. As a target group were taken patients with a paranoid-hallucinatory syndrome. Healthy volunteers without mental disorders and neurological diseases were used as controls. During fMRI studies, threatening and neutral images were presented. The experiment was built on the principle of a block paradigm. As a result, statistical parametric maps were constructed for two groups of subjects and the results were compared among themselves. According to the obtained results, patients with schizophrenia show a decrease in the overall level of activation in all regions of the brain compared with healthy volunteers. This is most evident in Middle Temporal Gyrus (temporooccipital part Right), Inferior Temporal Gyrus (temporooccipital part Left and Right), Lateral Occipital Cortex (inferior division Left and Right), Temporal Occipital Fusiform Cortex Left and Right and Frontal Pole Left and Right.
Только метаданные
Mirror Neurons in the Interpretation of Action and Intentions
(2021) Bushov, Y. V.; Svetlik, M. V.; Kartashov, S. I.; Orlov, V. A.; Ushakov, V. L.; Ушаков, Вадим Леонидович
© 2021, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.The aim of the research was the studying the activity of mirror neurons in humans during the observation and reproduction of rhythm. As markers of mirror neuron activity, we used depression of the EEG mu-rhythm in the alpha and beta frequency ranges, cortical interactions at the frequency of this rhythm, as well as the results of fMRI brain mapping. The research involved volunteers men and women aged from 18 to 27 year (University students). Research has shown that monitoring the reproduction of a five-second rhythm is accompanied by activation of not only those areas of the cortex where the «motor» mirror neurons are located, but also other cortex areas, as well as the basal ganglia and cerebellum. This findings suggest that mirror neurons themselves do not provide an understanding of actions and intentions, although they are involved in these processes. It is assumed that these neurons provide interaction between the prefrontal, sensory and motor areas of the cortex, as well as places where motor programs are stored in the brain. The result of the interaction of these structures is an understanding of the actions and intentions of other people.
Только метаданные
Functional neural networks in behavioral motivations
(2019) Orlov, V. A.; Malakhov, D. G.; Skiteva, L. I.; Ushakov, V. L.; Kartashov, S. I.; Korosteleva, A. N.; Samsonovich, A. V.; Ушаков, Вадим Леонидович; Самсонович, Алексей Владимир
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an effective non-invasive tool for exploration and analysis of brain functions. Here functional neural networks involved in behavioral motivations are studied using fMRI. It was found that behavioral conditions producing different motivations for action can be associated with different patterns of functional network activity. At the same time, connection can be made to dynamics of socio-emotional cognition, decision making and action control, described by the Virtual Actor model based on the eBICA cognitive architecture. These preliminary observations encourage further fMRI-based study of human social-emotional cognition. The impact is expected on the emergent technology of humanlike collaborative robots (cobots) and creative cognitive assistants.
Только метаданные
fMRI Study of Brain Activity in Men and Women During Rhythm Reproduction and Measuring Short Time Intervals
(2022) Kartashov, S. I.; Orlov, V. A.; Svetlik, M. V.; Bushov, V. Y.; Ushakov, V. L.; Ушаков, Вадим Леонидович
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.The aim of the research was to study the men and women brain activity in during memorizing and reproducing rhythm (5 s) and measuring short time intervals (0.8 s) by fMRI method. Volunteers are young people (boys and girls) aged 18 to 27 years. It was shown that extensive brain areas (prefrontal and motor cortex, insular cortex, sensory and associative areas of the parietal and temporal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, basal ganglia and cerebellum) are involved in providing sensorimotor activity associated with rhythm reproduction and measuring short time intervals. It was found that the measurement of short time intervals is partially provided by the same brain structures as the rhythm reproduction. When measuring the duration, the activation in both hemisphere of a number of additional structures (frontal pole, supraorbital gyrus, angular gyrus, temporal area and some other cortical areas) was detected. The results of this study indicate that the “brain support” of sensorimotor activity associated with rhythm reproduction and measuring short time intervals significantly depends on the method of scaling time intervals and gender differences.
Только метаданные
Differential diagnosis of delusional symptoms in schizophrenia: Brain tractography data
(2023) Zakharova, N. V.; Mamedova, G. S.; Bravve, L. V.; Kaydan, M. A.; Kartashov, S. I.; Orlov, V. A.; Ushakov, V. L.; Ушаков, Вадим Леонидович
Delusion is an extreme distortion of cognitive processes evaluating reward and prediction, where the damage in structural connectivity between several brain regions responsible for actualization of acquired socioemotional experience and adequate analysis of what is happening serve as a pathomorphological substrate. Referring to the assumption on various neurophysiological developmental mechanisms of two types of delusion, i.e. persecutory and fantastic, we hypothesized that the neural pathways or white matter tracts significantly differ between patients with one of the two types of delusions. Materials and methods: 40 patients suffering from schizophrenia were examined, 25 of them diagnosed with fantastic/paraphrenic delusions and 15 of them having persecutory/interpretative delusions. The control group comprised 42 healthy age- and sex-matched volunteers. Diffusion MR tractography of the brain was performed using 3 T MRI Magnetom Verio, Siemens. Results: statistical decrease in white matter fibers connecting right frontal regions with left motor cortex and certain cerebellar zones was identified in patients with interpretative delusions compared to healthy individuals. Elevated number of white matter fibers was found between the occipital regions and calcarine sulcus of the left hemisphere, and between medial occipitotemporal sulcus of the right hemisphere and right fusiform gyrus when comparing the tracts of patients with fantastic delusions and healthy controls. Conclusions: interpretative delusions are associated with impaired connectivity in the brain regions responsible for adequate monitoring of current reality, whereas fantastic delusions are accompanied by altered connectivity of regions controlling multimodal sensory integration of signals from various analyzers based on long-term memory attributions. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
Только метаданные
The role of brain stem structures in the vegetative reactions based on fMRI analysis
(2020) Orlov, V. A.; Kholodny, Y. I.; Malakhov, D. G.; Kovalchuk, M. V.; Ushakov, V. L.; Kartashov, S. I.; Ушаков, Вадим Леонидович
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.This work was aimed at studying the role of brain stem structures in vegetative responses upon presentation of self significant stimuli (personal name) using the functional MRI method. The subjects, based on the data of the MRI compatible polygraph, were divided into three groups with different degree of vegetative reactions to personality-related stimuli: with strong galvanic skin reactions (GSR) only—7 subjects; with medium GSR and cardiovascular response (CR)—6 subjects; and with low reactivity of GSR and CR—5 subjects. The obtained statistical maps of brain neural network activities showed high activation of the brain stem structures upon presentation of personality-related stimuli in the second group (medium GSR and CR); low activation of the stem structures in the first group (strong GSR); and complete absence of activation of the stem structures in subjects of the third group (with low reactivity of the GSR and CR). It was shown that the use of MRI compatible polygraph for selection of fMRI data to subsequent statistical analysis is effective.