Персона: Эфендиев, Канамат Темботович
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Preliminary low-dose photodynamic exposure to skin cancer with chlorin e6 photosensitizer
© 2022Background: The study aimed to investigate the chlorin e6 photosensitizer distribution in the tumor and tumor border (5 mm) during low-dose photodynamic treatment and to increase the effectiveness of the therapy for skin neoplasms. Methods: Sensitized boundaries of neoplasms were evaluated by video fluorescence imaging. The study of changes in the chlorin e6 distribution before/after photodynamic therapy and in the process of low-dose photodynamic exposure was carried out by the method of spectral fluorescence diagnostics. Results: All 19 patients with basal-cell skin cancer had a contrast of chlorin e6 accumulation compared to normal tissues. 3 hours after intravenous administration of the photosensitizer at a dose of 1 mg/kg, the chlorin e6 concentration was: in normal tissues - 0.18 mg/kg, in the tumor - 1.26 mg/kg, in the tumor border - 0.63 mg/kg. In most cases, the fluorescence indices of chlorin e6 in tumor tissues after low-dose photodynamic therapy increased and exceeded the values before light exposure. Conclusion: Low-dose photodynamic therapy seems to be an optimal method for treating select skin neoplasms, which does not cause severe pain in patients during the light exposure and allows for local increase of the photosensitizer concentration in tumor tissues. This method of photodynamic therapy can improve the effectiveness of thе treatment.
Laser spectroscopic method for assessing the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (controlled PDT)
© 2020 IEEE.This work presents the developed method and equipment for assessing the effectiveness of treatment using photodynamic therapy (PDT). As a photosensitizer (PS), the drugs Photoditazin and Alasens were used. The problem of spectral separation of laser radiation and fluorescence of 5-ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX or Chlorin e6 was solved by selecting a combination of optical filters. The time of laser irradiation varied from 6 to 20 min, depending on the fluorescence index of the irradiated area, the energy dose was 100-200 J/cm2. The results showed the effectiveness of the new approach and equipment for conducting controlled PDT.
Combined spectral- and video-fluorescent diagnostics of cervical neoplasms for photodynamic therapy
This study aimed to evaluate the method of fluorescence diagnostics using the developed video-fluorescent equipment with laser excitation of fluorescence and the assessment of the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy via the photobleaching of the chlorin e6. The boundaries of precancerous conditions and cervical neoplasms were established using video-fluorescent diagnostics and then clarified using spectral-fluorescent diagnostics. At a photosensitizer dose of 0.8-1.2 mg kg(-1), fluorescence images of the cervix contrasted well in the pathological tissue compared to the normal surrounding tissue. This made it possible to estimate the photosensitizer distribution in the entire measured area with a resolution of at least 1 mm. The parallel use of spectral-fluorescent diagnostics allows the identification of fluorescence typical for the photosensitizer fluorescence and evaluating its distribution in the studied tissues. The combined use of video- and spectral-fluorescent diagnostics for cervical neoplasms allows control of the process of photodynamic therapy at all stages of the procedure and, if it is necessary, a change of tactics.
Laser-induced fluorescent diagnostics and photodynamic therapy of cervical neoplasms
© 2020 IEEE.The paper presents the results of precise fluorescent diagnostics of cervical neoplasms at photodynamic therapy using a photosensitizer, chlorin e6 (Photolon). The precise fluorescent diagnostics supposes the combined use of spectral and video fluorescent diagnostics of pathological and normal tissues. A fiber spectrometer with excitation of the photosensitizer fluorescence by a He-Ne laser (? = 632.8 nm) and a semiconductor laser (? = 660 nm) was used for spectral fluorescent diagnostics. A two-channel fluorescent video system was used for video fluorescent diagnostics. The results of spectral diagnostics showed that the chlorin e6 accumulation level in pathological tissues is 4- 8 times higher than in normal tissues. The fluorescent images of cervical neoplasms at the applied dose of the photosensitizer had high contrast compared to normal tissues. The results of spectral fluorescent diagnostics well correlate with the results of video fluorescent diagnostics. Photodynamic therapy was performed using the semiconductor laser (? = 660 nm, E = 100-200 J/cm2) 3 hours after a drip intravenous administration of the photosensitizer and was controlled via photobleaching.
Phototheranostics of cervical neoplasms with chlorin e6 photosensitizer
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.(1) Purpose: Improving the treatment effectiveness of intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix associated with human papillomavirus infection, based on the application of the method of photodynamic therapy with simultaneous laser excitation of fluorescence to clarify the boundaries of cervical neoplasms. (2) Methods: Examination and treatment of 52 patients aged 22 to 53 years with morphologically and cytologically confirmed mild to severe intraepithelial cervix neoplasia, preinvasive, micro-invasive, and squamous cell cervix carcinoma. All patients were carriers of human papillomavirus infection. The patients underwent photodynamic therapy with simultaneous laser excitation of fluorescence. The combined use of video and spectral fluorescence diagnostics for cervical neoplasms made it possible to control the photodynamic therapy process at all stages of the procedure. Evaluation of the photodynamic therapy of intraepithelial cervical neoplasms was carried out with colposcopic examination, cytological conclusion, and morphological verification of the biopsy material after the photodynamic therapy course. The success of human papillomavirus therapy was assessed based on the results of the polymerase chain reaction. (3) Results. The possibility of simultaneous spectral fluorescence diagnostics and photodynamic therapy using a laser source with a wavelength of 660 nm has been established, making it possible to assess the fluorescence index in real-time and control the photobleaching of photosensitizers in the irradiated area. The treatment of all 52 patients was successful after the first photodynamic therapy procedure. According to the PCR test of the discharge from the cervical canal, the previously identified HPV types were not observed in 48 patients. Previously identified HPV types were absent after repeated PDT in four patients (CIN III (n = 2), CIS (n = 2)). In 80.8% of patients, regression of the lesion was noted. (4) Conclusions. The high efficiency of photodynamic therapy with intravenous photosensitizer administration of chlorin e6 has been demonstrated both in relation to eradication therapy of human papillomavirus and in relation to the treatment of intraepithelial lesions of the cervix.
Laser-induced fluorescence diagnosis of stomach tumor
© 2020, Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the capabilities of laser spectral and video fluorescence diagnosis used for stomach tumors using 5-ALA photosensitizer. The spectroscopic method is presented with an example of a characteristic fluorescence spectrum from stomach with 5-ALA and quantitative statistics. The laser excitation wavelength was 632.8 nm. The analysis of the video system is presented with clinical statistics. The penetration depth of 3–4 mm of the He–Ne laser during the spectroscopic study allowed for scanning the mucous and submucous layers of the stomach and for detecting tumorous growths in these layers. Registration of fluorescence using the spectral system enabled surgeons to conduct express estimation of dubious stomach tissues, to make biopsy from doubtful areas to reveal precancer and early cancer states. The video fluorescence analysis with the application of 5-ALA-induced PPIX may be recommended for the use as an express method of diagnosis including early diagnosis of malignant stomach diseases as well as for intraoperative assessment of tumor extension and detection of canceromatous foci during laparoscopy. The optimal time interval for the diagnosis (regardless of the nature of the study – endoscopic, laparoscopic, or intraoperative) is 2–4 h from the administration of photosensitizer. The optimal dose of the photosensitizer is 20 mg per 1 kg of the body weight.
A method for intra-percardial PDT for malignant mesothelioma
© 2022We describe a case of a 35-year-old patient with recurrent non-resectable pleural mesothelioma cT4N0M0 with a confirmed malignant pericardial effusion, threatening for cardiac tamponade. We performed and described our experience of intrapericardial photodynamic therapy which was well tolerated and with a good survival result. After 12 months of follow-up our patient showed no signs of pericardial effusion and in stable condition, keeping high level of quality of life. This clinical case is an example of the excellent palliative effect of photodynamic therapy together with concomitant immunotherapy
Non-invasive high-contrast infrared imaging of blood vessels in biological tissues by the backscattered laser radiation method
© 2020 Elsevier B.V.The work is devoted to non-invasive visualization of human blood vessels in the near-infrared range by backscattered laser radiation. This article presents an effective approach to infrared imaging using the backscattered laser method. The most optimal range of wavelengths (760–800 nm) for infrared imaging of blood vessels has been determined. The results of the simulation of laser radiation in human skin models by the Monte-Carlo method are presented. A system has been developed for conducting non-invasive infrared imaging of the bloodstream.
Photodynamic therapy for cervical precancerous lesions and cancer with laser-induced fluorescence with the effect of photobleaching
Spectroscopic intraoperative diagnostics of tumors during photodynamic therapy
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