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- ПубликацияТолько метаданныеEnergy transfer mechanisms in nanobiohybrid structures based on quantum dots and photosensitive membrane proteins(2016) Sizova, S. V.; Oleinikov, V. A.; Bouchonville, N.; Molinari, M.; Samokhvalov, P. S.; Sukhanova, A.; Nabiev, I.; Суханова, Алена Владимировна; Набиев, Игорь Руфаилович; Олейников, Владимир АлександровичThe integration of novel nanomaterials with highly functional biological molecules has numerous advanced applications, including optoelectronics, biosensing, imaging, and energy harvesting. This review summarizes recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of energy transfer between semiconductor nanocrystal (so-called quantum dots [QDs]) and photosensitive proteins in heterostructures, such as hybrids of semiconductor nanocrystals with purple membranes containing bacteriorhodopsin (bR) or with photosynthetic reaction centers (RCs). Understanding of these mechanisms should enable prediction of the possible ways to improve the biological function of biomolecules by means of their assembling with QDs and develop novel functional materials with controlled photonic properties and applications. The possible mechanisms of energy transfer from QDs to photochromic biomolecules are discussed and correlated with experimental data. The principles of hybrid structures engineering, donor/acceptor parameters affecting both energy transfer efficiency and biological function, and functionality of these hybrid structures are described. New nanobiohybrid materials are shown to have advanced implications for optoelectronics, photonics, and photovoltaics due to the ability of nanocomponents of these materials for efficient energy harvesting, conversion, and transfer of additional energy to Biosystems, thus making them working more efficiently.
- ПубликацияТолько метаданныеEffects of Ionizing Radiation on Populations and Ecosystems(Springer International Publishing, 2016) Geraskin, S. A.; Alexakhin, R. M.; Oudalova, A. A.Observations of effects of radiation exposure on populations and ecosystems are briefly discussed. The typical reactions of phytocenosis to irradiation at high doses are known to be reduction in species diversity, changes in species dominance, reduction in productivity and changes in a community structure. Irradiation of plants and animals with lethal and sublethal doses results in disruption of ecological relationships between the components of ecosystems. Such effects may act as a trigger of perturbation and lead to consequences that may differ radically from expected ones based on effects observed at the organismal level. In addition, considerable differences in a way of life and ecological niches occupied by different species lead to substantial distinction in doses absorbed by biota species, even when they all are presented in the same environment at the same time. It is especially evident in the case of α-emitting radionuclides. Radioactive contamination may result in the enhanced resistance in affected populations. However, there are radioecological situations where the elevated radioresistance has not evolved or persisted. The complexity and non-linearity of the ecosystem structure and functioning can lead to unexpected consequences of stressors’ effects which otherwise would appear harmless when they were assessed within a narrower context of the traditional organism-based approach. Therefore, the use of the ecological knowledge is essential for understanding the responses of populations and ecosystems to radiation exposure. Integrating of the basic ecological principles into the design and implementation of radioecological research is essential for prediction of radiation effects within the context of rapidly changing environmental conditions.
- ПубликацияТолько метаданныеTrapped Ghosts as Sources for Wormholes and Regular Black Holes. The Stability Problem(Springer, 2017) Bronnikov, K. A.; Бронников, Кирилл АлександровичThe chapter briefly reviews the properties of static, spherically symmetric configurations of general relativity with a minimally coupled scalar field whose kinetic energy is negative in a restricted (strong-field) region of space and positive outside it. This “trapped ghost” concept may in principle explain why no ghosts are observed under usual, weak-field conditions. The configurations considered are wormholes and regular black holes without a center, in particular, black universes (black holes with an expanding cosmology beyond the event horizon). Spherically symmetric perturbations of these objects are considered, and it is stressed that, due to the universal shape of the effective potential near a transition surface from canonical to phantom behavior of the scalar field, such surfaces restrict the possible perturbations and play a stabilizing role.
- ПубликацияОткрытый доступSociological Mosaic-2018: monograph(2019) Zadorozhnyuk, E. G.; Zadorozhnyuk, I. E.
- ПубликацияОткрытый доступRegular Black Holes Sourced by Nonlinear Electrodynamics(Springer, 2023) Бронников, К. А.; Бронников, Кирилл АлександровичThis chapter is a brief review on the existence and basic properties of static, spherically symmetric regular black hole solutions of general relativity where the source of gravity is represented by nonlinear electromagnetic fields with the Lagrangian function L depending on the single invariant $$f = F_{\mu \nu }F^{\mu \nu }$$ or on two variables: either L(f, h), where $$h = {}^*\!F_{\mu \nu }F^{\mu \nu }$$ , where $${}^*\!F_{\mu \nu }$$ is the Hodge dual of $$F_{\mu \nu }$$ , or L(f, J), where $$J = F_{\mu \nu }F^{\nu \rho } F_{\rho \sigma } F^{\sigma \mu }$$ . A number of no-go theorems are discussed, revealing the conditions under which the space-time cannot have a regular center, among which the theorems concerning L(f, J) theories are probably new. These results concern both regular black holes and regular particlelike or starlike objects (solitons) without horizons. Thus, a regular center in solutions with an electric charge $$q_e\ne 0$$ is only possible with nonlinear electrodynamics (NED) having no Maxwell weak field limit. Regular solutions with L(f) and L(f, J) NED, possessing a correct (Maxwell) weak-field limit, are possible if the system contains only a magnetic charge $$q_m \ne 0$$ . It is shown, however, that in such solutions the causality and unitarity as well as dynamic stability conditions are inevitably violated in a neighborhood of the center. Some particular examples are discussed.
- ПубликацияТолько метаданныеCurrent status of SMRs and S&MRs development in the world(2023) Pioro, I. L. ; Duffey, R. B. ; Kirillov, P. L. ; Dort-Goltz, N. ; Тихомиров, Георгий Валентинович; Смирнов, Антон Дмитриевич; Smirnov, A. D.; Tikhomirov, G. V.This chapter examines Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), which are modular-type nuclear reactors with installed capacities ≤ 300 MWel with claimed features of “modularity” in design, production, and/or construction, and Small- and Medium-size Reactors (S&MRs), with installed capacities ≤ 300 MWel (Small) and > 300–700 MWel (Medium-size), many having claimed features of “modularity” in design, production, and/or construction. The requirements and objectives for any and all new nuclear reactors of any and all sizes are given as: safer than previous “generations”; having low financial risk exposure and capital cost; ease and speed of build; readily licensable; simple to operate and secure; assured fuel supply and sustainability; providing social value and acceptance; and still being competitive. Existing SMRs and S&MRs are tabulated by type, country, and status. Although many SMR designs and concepts have been proposed, Russia is the first country in the world to develop, design, and put into operation two SMRs, and Russian technology is examined in detail in this chapter, with numerous diagrams and photos of various systems provided.
- ПубликацияОткрытый доступIntegrating Domain-Specific Knowledge Graphs Based on the Semantic Web and Machine Learning(2024) Telnov, V.This chapter presents a project that focuses on creation and integration of domain-specific knowledge graphs based on Semantic Web standards and technologies, as well as the use of machine learning algorithms and Pareto optimization techniques. A working prototype of a semantic portal has been developed as a publicly available web service. The first part of the chapter discusses the practical aspects of implementing the project in educational settings and provides examples of knowledge graph usage at National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI". In the second part, we explore and discuss optimal machine learning techniques for integrating knowledge graphs with external data sources, which may be in various formats such as RDF, RDFS, OWL, XML, JSON, CSV, or even be stored in a relational database or not organized in any specific way. We present examples of data integration in the context of knowledge graphs within the domain of "Computer Science and Programming". The third section of the chapter discusses the architecture of a semantic web portal for university students and faculty, as well as the key components of network software. The * Corresponding Author's Email: telnov@bk.ru. Victor Telnov and Konstantin Odintsov 2 implemented software solutions utilize cloud computing. Database as a Service (DBaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS) models are employed to ensure the scalability of data warehouses and network services.
- ПубликацияТолько метаданныеArtificial Intelligence for Risk Mitigation in the Financial Industry(WILEY, 2024) Gusev, Alexey; Гусев, Алексей ИгоревичThe applications of the financial industry incorporate vast volumes of structured and unstructured data to gain insight into the financial and non-financial performance of companies. As a result of exponentially increasing data, auditors and management professionals need to enhance processing capabilities while maintaining the effectiveness and reliability of the risk mitigation process. The risk mitigation and audit procedures are processes involving the progression of activities to “transform inputs into output.” As AI systems continue to grow mainstream, it is difficult to imagine an aspect of risk mitigation in the financial industry that will not require AI-related assurance or AI-assisted advisory services. AI can be used as a strong tool in many ways, like the prevention of fraud, money laundering, and cybercrime, detection of risks and probability of NPAs at early stages, sound lending, etc.
- ПубликацияОткрытый доступNuclear Nonproliferation and Arms Control(PIR Center, 2024) Antonov, А.; Chernenko, E.; Efremov, G.; Istomin, I.; Karnaukhova, E.; Kuchinov, V.; Lysenko, M.; Malov, A.; Margoev, A.; Orlov, V.; Pakhomova, D; Semenov, S.; Кучинов, Владимир Петрович; Vorontsov, A.; Vishnevetsky, I.; Ubeev, A.; Trenin, D.; Stefanovich, D.The textbook "Nuclear Nonproliferation and Arms Control. Digital Papers" was designed as a preparation to, and a continuation of the First PIR Center Online Course on Nuclear Nonproliferation and Arms Control. The "Digital Papers" are intended for a wide foreign English-speaking audience of diplomats and government officials, journalists, employees of research centers and institutes, instructors and students, functionaries of public organizations dealing with international cooperation and public diplomacy, as well as all those who are simply interested in the nuclear domain or adhere to the principle of life-long learning. It will also be of interest to Russian specialists who would like to develop their professional vocabulary and conceptual system in English. All of them will have an opportunity to get acquainted with the theoretical approaches to the study of nuclear nonproliferation and arms control regimes, their history, and, of course, the current challenges. To make the "Digital Papers" more diverse, comprehensive, and versatile, offering different perspectives on issues, many Russian experts with different professional background and experience, views, and opinions were invited. The publication of "Nuclear Nonproliferation and Arms Control. Digital Papers" is dedicated to this 30th anniversary of PIR Center founded on April 30, 1994.