Персона: Исаев, Рафаэл Шахбаз Оглы
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Corrosion resistance of chromium coating on the inner surface of EP823-Sh steel cladding
The processes of corrosion damage of the inner surface of the cladding are determined by corrosive reagents aggressive with respect to the cladding and the type of fuel used. Reactor irradiation of cladding made of EP823-Sh steel with mixed nitride fuel planned for use in the BREST-OD-300 reactor revealed non-uniform corrosion of the inner surface of the cladding. In this paper, the use of the chromium coating is proposed to prevent the corrosion of the inner surface of the steel fuel cladding. The results of corrosion tests of chromium coating applied to the inner surface of cladding made of EP823-Sh steel by electrolytic deposition are presented. Electron-microscopic studies of the chromium coating on EP823-Sh steel showed no significant signs of corrosion damage when tested in the environment of simulant fission products (CsI+Te) and in liquid lead at 650 °C.
ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ ХРОМОВОГО ПОКРЫТИЯ С ОБОЛОЧКОЙ ТВЭЛА ИЗ СТАЛИ ЭП823-Ш В ДИАПАЗОНЕ ТЕМПЕРАТУР 420–650 °С
Хромовое покрытие может увеличить коррозионную стойкость оболочки твэла из стали ЭП823-Ш в среде жидкого свинца при температуре до 650 °С. В свою очередь целесообразно блокировать диффузионное взаимодействие хромового покрытия и стали в течение всего периода эксплуатации твэла. Электронно-микроскопические исследования образцов после высокотемпературных испытаний показали наличие слоя взаимодействия «покрытие-сталь». При температуре 420 °C и времени выдержки 1000 ч хромовое покрытие сохранило адгезию, взаимодействия между покрытием и сталью не наблюдалось. Однако при испытании 540 и 650 °C и времени выдержки 1000 ч на границе «покрытие-сталь» появляется неравномерный по толщине слой взаимодействия в пределах 150–600 нм. Этот слой имеет сложный состав и блокирует дальнейшую взаимную диффузию компонентов стали и покрытия друг в друга. Сталь ЭП823-Ш содержит молибден и вольфрам около 1 мас.%, и эти элементы могут способствовать ускоренному образованию слоя взаимодействия. Анализ взаимодействия в системе «покрытие-сталь» показал перспективность использования хрома как защитного покрытия внутренней поверхности оболочки твэла из стали ЭП823-Ш.
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Corrosion of EP823 Steel Cladding Under Heavy Liquid-Metal-Coolant Reactor Conditions: A Review
Interaction of a diffusion barrier from the refractory metals with a zirconium alloy and a chrome coating of an accident tolerant fuel
HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION OF ZIRCONIUM ALLOYS WITH MAGNETRON SPUTTERED CHROMIUM COATINGS
Loss-of-coolant accidents (LOCAs) often lead to dire consequences. That’s why the global community are actively engaged in research aimed at creating accident tolerant fuels. One of the areas of such research is preserving zirconium alloys as the material for fuel-element claddings by creating corrosion-resistant coatings that would be in contact with the coolant. Chromium could be a prom-ising material to be used in such protective coatings as chromium oxide (Cr2O3) serves as an effective barrier for oxygen both in normal operation and in case of LOCA. Chromium coating hinders oxygen diffusion into the metal substrate and thus prevents embrittlement and failure of the fuel-element cladding. This paper describes the results of research studies that have been carried out in recent years and that look at the resistance of magnetron sputtered chromium coatings to high-temperature oxidation in water vapour up to 1,500o C. The paper demonstrates advantages and drawbacks of chromium coatings in high-temperature oxidation conditions. The focus is on understanding how regimes of magnetron sputtering influence the resistance of chromium coatings to high-temperature oxidation and how the structure and phase state of chromium coatings are related to their properties. The authors describe the optimal regimes of magnetron sputtering for obtaining dense coatings and examine the effect of the substrate temperature and the bias voltage on the structure and density of resulting coatings. High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) serves as an effective technique that helps enhance the density of coatings. The conclusion drawn is that in order to broaden the temperature range in which chromium coatings can effectively protect zirconium alloys from failure up to 1500o C, there should be a diffusion barrier between the surface of the fuel-element cladding and the chromium coating. The authors would like to thank B. A. Kalin, supervisor of this project, who had passed away before this publication was made. The staff of the Laboratory of Ion-Plasma and Ion-Beam Machining of Materials, a part of Department No. 9 at the National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, devote this paper to his memory. © 2022, Ore and Metals Publishing house. All rights reserved.