Персона: Удалова, Алла Александровна
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Институт ядерной физики и технологий
Цель ИЯФиТ и стратегия развития - создание и развитие научно-образовательного центра мирового уровня в области ядерной физики и технологий, радиационного материаловедения, физики элементарных частиц, астрофизики и космофизики.
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Алла Александровна
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- ПубликацияТолько метаданныеPlants as a tool for the environmental health assessment(2019) Geras'kin, S.; Evseeva, T.; Oudalova, A.; Удалова, Алла Александровна© 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.To assess possible consequences of the environment contamination for biota and human, analytical control methods and biological monitoring need to be used simultaneously. This helps in an identification of the relationships between the pollutant concentrations and the biological effects they cause. Plant bioassays are well-established test-systems, providing many advantages at biological monitoring of the polluted environment. Basic principles of the environment health assessment with plants are discussed. A variety of endpoints used in plant bioassays such as gene mutations, cytogenetic disturbances, embryo lethals, etc. are considered. Standard indicator species such as Tradescantia or Allium cepa are often used in laboratory-based short-term studies that provide standardized methods for estimating genotoxicity and toxicity. Field studies on wild plant populations or crops, directly growing in contaminated sites, are an appropriate way for assessing the environment quality. Most important requirements for a test-species choice from natural flora are listed, and available bioindicators and assays are discussed. An effective linking of bioindication screening to well-established environmental pollution monitoring is a way of improving and upgrading an existing system of public and environment protection in order to meet requirements of consistency between current scientific knowledge and decision-making processes.
- ПубликацияТолько метаданныеStudy of tritium nearby a regional radioactive waste storage(2020) Podlutskii, M. S.; Lukashenko, S. N.; Tomson, A. V.; Oudalova, A. A.; Удалова, Алла Александровна© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.The paper introduces a pilot study of tritium as an indicator of possible transfer of radionuclide contamination around a regional radioactive waste storage. The main goal of the study is to determine tritium levels (tritiated water and organically bound tritium) and compare them with radiostrontium concentration in environmental samples. A hypothesis is tested on a possibility of using tritium as a marker of possible migration ways for other radionuclides, on an example of strontium-90. The results show that tritium concentrations nearby the regional radioactive waste storage is below the detection level (7 Bq•l-1). The lowest level of tritiated water was 7±1 Bq•l-1, the highest - 78±8 Bq•l-1. For organically bound tritium, the lowest level was shown at 8±1 Bq•kg-1, the highest - 57±7 Bq•kg-1. Comparison of the tritium findings with strontium-90 radioactivity levels showed that sampling points with high levels of tritium and radiostrontium are located in the same areas.
- ПубликацияТолько метаданныеEnvironmental impact of the Research Institute of Physical Chemistry in Obninsk on soils of the nearby territory(2020) Fernandez, S. Q.; Oudalova, A. A.; Melinkova, T. V.; Kiseleva, L. A.; Ziouche, M.; Montaño, R.; Удалова, Алла Александровна; Мельникова, Татьяна Вадимовна; Киселева, Людмила Александровна© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.This work focuses on the study of radioactive and chemical contamination of the soil caused by non-power generation nuclear facilities. For this purpose, the environmental monitoring of terrestrial ecosystems around the Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry, located in the Obninsk region and exploiting research nuclear reactor, has been carried out. The annually published environmental safety reports of the Karpov Institute for the period of 2011-2018 served as sources of the initial information about the facility impact on the environment. In summer 2019, the sampling of soils around the facility was carried out in 19 locations. In laboratory studies, the following indexes of physical and chemical properties of the soil are studied: type of the soil, soil density, hygroscopic moisture, moisture capacity, acidity. Instrumental methods such as potentiometric analysis were performed to determine the content of chloride in the soil. Specific activities of radionuclides were measured in soils using gamma spectrometry. It was found that the physical and chemical properties vary from point to point. Specific activities of radionuclides in the soil also vary, and in some points the radionuclides content is particularly higher than in others. Finally, all the data were compared with a similar research done in the previous year, and we found that our physical and chemical properties are similar and the specific activities are little lower than the previous year. For everything mentioned before, it is strongly suggested that more studies about the consequences to the environment and humans should be done, in more nuclear non-power facilities.
- ПубликацияОткрытый доступRadiation stability of lindane and active substance of hexachlorane dust preparation under electron irradiation(2019) Gordeev, A. V.; Melnikova, T. V.; Polyakova, L. P.; Oudalova, A. A.; Мельникова, Татьяна Вадимовна; Удалова, Алла Александровна© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. Electron beam impact on the radiation resistance of organochlorine hydrocarbon is considered for two forms of pesticide - a pure chemical compound and a component of active substance of a pesticide product to be disposed of. State standard reference samples (SRS) of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) - lindane and hexachlorane dust - are used. The fullness of decomposition are determined for lindane and organochlorine compounds as part of the active substance, depending on the aggregate state of the preparation and the absorbed dose of electronic radiation. In all samples, a reduction in the radiation resistance of HCH and its isomers is detected within the range of the radiation dose (D) from 10 to 200 kGy. The maximum decomposition is observed in the suspension of the preparation. The dependence of a degree of decomposition on the amount of radiation dose is not linear.
- ПубликацияОткрытый доступAssessment of the radiation dose rate for a terrestrial mollusk during chronic Sr-90 irradiation(2019) Lavrentyeva, G. V.; Kurachenko, Y. A.; Oorzhak, A. E.; Shoshina, R. R.; Oudalova, A. A.; Удалова, Алла Александровна© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. Radiation dose rate for a terrestrial mollusk Fruticicola fruticum was assessed under chronic Sr-90 irradiation in field conditions by three methods. The study-site is the territory nearby the radioactive waste storage facility in the Kaluga region. Due to a loss of integrity in one of the storage capacities, there was a leakage of radionuclides in 1998. Specific activities of Sr-90 in soil, plant and shells of terrestrial mollusk used as the input parameters for calculating the radiation dose rate are: 20±3 - 5203±785 Bq/kg; 22.3±13.4 - 10596 ± 195 Bq/kg, 76±11 - 17640±2646 Bq/kg, respectively. As a result of the calculations, the following radiation dose rates were obtained: from 10±2 to 1634±245 mGy/year with the J. Levinger and L.D. Marinelli formula, from 0.012±0.001 to 2.1±0.2 mGy/year with the Erica Assessment Tool, from 0.32±0.07 to 76±9 mGy/year by the Monte Carlo method. The Monte Carlo method gives the most adequate estimates, because the application of this method allows taking into account the maximum possible scenarios of mollusk irradiation, the maximum number of input parameters, including the weight and geometry of the organism, the dosimetric and physical features of the source of irradiation.
- ПубликацияТолько метаданныеNonpower applications of nuclear technology(2020) Udalova, A.; Удалова, Алла Александровна© 2020 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.With nuclear engineering development, nonelectric as well as nonpower applications of nuclear and radiation technologies become more important, and their utilization is expected to increase dramatically in the near future. The modern state of this field and its main achievements are discussed in this chapter. First, a short review of nonelectrical usage of nuclear energy is given, such as district heating, industrial process heat applications, and water desalination to distinguish between nonelectric and nonpower types of applications. The main part of the chapter deals with the current state of radiation applications in agrosciences including radiation stimulation and inhibition of growth and development in plants and animals, pest control, and food irradiation for microbiological decontamination. The basics of radiation biology are given, which helps in improving the understanding of radiation effects in a living organism. Also, issues of the safety of irradiated food are covered in this chapter. Furthermore, the main approaches of nuclear medicine are explained both for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, as well as other nuclear technologies used in healthcare-related fields like radiation sterilization, sterile insect technique (SIT), and environment contamination control. Also, other spheres of nuclear nonenergetic applications are mentioned in examples of material sciences and nondestructive control systems, instrumental analysis, and radioisotope dating.
- ПубликацияТолько метаданныеScots pine as a promising indicator organism for biomonitoring of the polluted environment: A case study on chronically irradiated populations(2019) Geras'kin, S.; Volkova, P.; Vasiliyev, D.; Dikareva, N.; Oudalova, A.; Удалова, Алла Александровна© 2018 Elsevier B.V. In this paper the main results of long-term (2003–2016) observations on Scots pine populations inhabiting sites affected by the Chernobyl accident are presented. Populations growing for many years under chronic radiation exposure are characterized by the enhanced mutation rates, increased genetic diversity, changes in the gene expression and in the level of genome-wide methylation, alterations in the temporal dynamics of cytogenetic abnormalities and genetic structure of populations. However, significant changes at the genetic level had no effects on enzymatic activity, morphological abnormalities, and reproductive ability of pine trees. The results presented increase our understanding of the long-term effects of chronic radiation exposure on plant populations in the wild nature and provide important information for the management and monitoring of radioactively contaminated territories.