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100 вопросов и ответов об атомной энергетике
(ТВЭЛ, 2018) Колдобский, А. Б.; Колдобский, Александр Борисович
Выход в свет второго издания любой книги — это всегда праздник для автора, признание его творческой удачи. А применительно к жанру этой книги — удовлетворение не только от того, что ему она удалась как таковая, но и нашла свой круг заинтересованных читателей — более или менее постоянный по составу, возрасту и профессиональным интересам. Как формировался этот круг, автор наблюдал сам, в режиме реального времени. С момента выхода первого издания книги в свет она широко использовалась в работе сотрудниками центров общественной информации атомной отрасли — и получила у них высокую оценку. Это, конечно, радовало — ведь, собственно говоря, книга для этого и создавалась. Но со временем книга начала выступать и в другой ипостаси. Автор, сам вузовский преподаватель, все чаще становился свидетелем того, как она использовалась (и используется до сих пор) студентами родного для него НИЯУ МИФИ — в качестве своеобразного пособия для первоначального профессионального обучения.
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100 вопросов и ответов об атомной энергетике
(ТВЭЛ, 2011) Колдобский, А. Б.; Колдобский, Александр Борисович
Для нас, россиян, значение атомной энергетики и ядерных технологий не ограничивается лишь их чисто целевым назначением – хотя, конечно, и это чрезвычайно важно, в свете наступающего исчерпания углеводородных ресурсов и объективной необходимости уменьшения объемов сжигания органического топлива. Но не менее важно и другое. Именно атомная энергетика - одна из очень немногих промышленных областей бывшего Советского Союза, сохранивших научно-производственную структуру, кадровый потенциал, эффективную управляемость и технологическую адаптивность в ходе двадцати бурных лет становления современной России, в настоящее время уверенно берет на себя роль «технологического локомотива» нашей страны. Это было особо отмечено в послании Президента России Д.А. Медведева Федеральному Собранию 30 ноября 2010 г. И нет никаких сомнений, что российская атомная энергетика будет интенсивно развиваться и впредь.
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Artificial Intelligence for Risk Mitigation in the Financial Industry
(WILEY, 2024) Gusev, Alexey; Гусев, Алексей Игоревич
The applications of the financial industry incorporate vast volumes of structured and unstructured data to gain insight into the financial and non-financial performance of companies. As a result of exponentially increasing data, auditors and management professionals need to enhance processing capabilities while maintaining the effectiveness and reliability of the risk mitigation process. The risk mitigation and audit procedures are processes involving the progression of activities to “transform inputs into output.” As AI systems continue to grow mainstream, it is difficult to imagine an aspect of risk mitigation in the financial industry that will not require AI-related assurance or AI-assisted advisory services. AI can be used as a strong tool in many ways, like the prevention of fraud, money laundering, and cybercrime, detection of risks and probability of NPAs at early stages, sound lending, etc.
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Black Holes, Cosmology and Extra Dimensions
(2021) Bronnikov, K. A.; Rubin, S. G.; Рубин, Сергей Георгиевич; Бронников, Кирилл Александрович
Assuming basic knowledge of special and general relativity, this book guides the reader to problems under consideration in modern research, concerning black holes, wormholes, cosmology, and extra dimensions. Its first part is devoted to local strong field configurations (black holes and wormholes) in general relativity and its most relevant extensions: scalar–tensor, f(R), and multidimensional theories. The second part discusses cosmology, including inflation and problems of a unified description of the whole evolution of the universe. The third part concerns multidimensional theories of gravity and contains a number of original results obtained by the authors. Expository work is conducted for a mechanism of symmetries and fundamental constants formation. The original approach to nonlinear multidimensional gravity that is able to construct a unique perspective describing different phenomena is highlighted. Much of the content was previously presented only in journal publications and is new for book contents, e.g., on regular black holes, various scalar field solutions, wormholes and their stability, inflation, clusters of primordial black holes, and multidimensional gravity. The last two topics are added in this new edition of the book. The other chapters are also updated to include new discoveries like the detection of gravitational waves.
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Current status of SMRs and S&MRs development in the world
(2023) Pioro, I. L. ; Duffey, R. B. ; Kirillov, P. L. ; Dort-Goltz, N. ; Тихомиров, Георгий Валентинович; Смирнов, Антон Дмитриевич; Smirnov, A. D.; Tikhomirov, G. V.
This chapter examines Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), which are modular-type nuclear reactors with installed capacities ≤ 300 MWel with claimed features of “modularity” in design, production, and/or construction, and Small- and Medium-size Reactors (S&MRs), with installed capacities ≤ 300 MWel (Small) and > 300–700 MWel (Medium-size), many having claimed features of “modularity” in design, production, and/or construction. The requirements and objectives for any and all new nuclear reactors of any and all sizes are given as: safer than previous “generations”; having low financial risk exposure and capital cost; ease and speed of build; readily licensable; simple to operate and secure; assured fuel supply and sustainability; providing social value and acceptance; and still being competitive. Existing SMRs and S&MRs are tabulated by type, country, and status. Although many SMR designs and concepts have been proposed, Russia is the first country in the world to develop, design, and put into operation two SMRs, and Russian technology is examined in detail in this chapter, with numerous diagrams and photos of various systems provided.
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Digital Transformation of Marketing Activities as a Factor in the Development of International Trade
(Springer, 2024) Voronov, А. А.; Popova, T. S.; Shumakova, I. A.; Danilevskaya, E. N.
Digital technologies are transforming international relations, diplomacy, foreign policy, and trade. Considering systems, such as politics, law, social sphere, or economics at any level (the functioning of an individual enterprise or international economic relations), it can be argued that the development of information and communication technologies has a significant impact on these areas. The transition to a digital economy is the most important factor in developing national and global economies. Gradually, there is a transition from the targeted introduction of various digital technologies (artificial intelligence, the Internet of things, etc.) to the integrated construction of an international digital ecosystem. The research discusses the prerequisites, features, and prospects for the development of international trade in the context of the formation of a global digital economy. The active and widespread use of digitalization significantly speeds up export–import transactions, allows new participants to be involved in international relations, and expands the range of resources used in cross-border turnover.
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Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Populations and Ecosystems
(Springer International Publishing, 2016) Geraskin, S. A.; Alexakhin, R. M.; Oudalova, A. A.
Observations of effects of radiation exposure on populations and ecosystems are briefly discussed. The typical reactions of phytocenosis to irradiation at high doses are known to be reduction in species diversity, changes in species dominance, reduction in productivity and changes in a community structure. Irradiation of plants and animals with lethal and sublethal doses results in disruption of ecological relationships between the components of ecosystems. Such effects may act as a trigger of perturbation and lead to consequences that may differ radically from expected ones based on effects observed at the organismal level. In addition, considerable differences in a way of life and ecological niches occupied by different species lead to substantial distinction in doses absorbed by biota species, even when they all are presented in the same environment at the same time. It is especially evident in the case of α-emitting radionuclides. Radioactive contamination may result in the enhanced resistance in affected populations. However, there are radioecological situations where the elevated radioresistance has not evolved or persisted. The complexity and non-linearity of the ecosystem structure and functioning can lead to unexpected consequences of stressors’ effects which otherwise would appear harmless when they were assessed within a narrower context of the traditional organism-based approach. Therefore, the use of the ecological knowledge is essential for understanding the responses of populations and ecosystems to radiation exposure. Integrating of the basic ecological principles into the design and implementation of radioecological research is essential for prediction of radiation effects within the context of rapidly changing environmental conditions.
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Energy transfer mechanisms in nanobiohybrid structures based on quantum dots and photosensitive membrane proteins
(2016) Sizova, S. V.; Oleinikov, V. A.; Bouchonville, N.; Molinari, M.; Samokhvalov, P. S.; Sukhanova, A.; Nabiev, I.; Суханова, Алена Владимировна; Набиев, Игорь Руфаилович; Олейников, Владимир Александрович
The integration of novel nanomaterials with highly functional biological molecules has numerous advanced applications, including optoelectronics, biosensing, imaging, and energy harvesting. This review summarizes recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of energy transfer between semiconductor nanocrystal (so-called quantum dots [QDs]) and photosensitive proteins in heterostructures, such as hybrids of semiconductor nanocrystals with purple membranes containing bacteriorhodopsin (bR) or with photosynthetic reaction centers (RCs). Understanding of these mechanisms should enable prediction of the possible ways to improve the biological function of biomolecules by means of their assembling with QDs and develop novel functional materials with controlled photonic properties and applications. The possible mechanisms of energy transfer from QDs to photochromic biomolecules are discussed and correlated with experimental data. The principles of hybrid structures engineering, donor/acceptor parameters aﬀecting both energy transfer eﬃciency and biological function, and functionality of these hybrid structures are described. New nanobiohybrid materials are shown to have advanced implications for optoelectronics, photonics, and photovoltaics due to the ability of nanocomponents of these materials for eﬃcient energy harvesting, conversion, and transfer of additional energy to Biosystems, thus making them working more eﬃciently.
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Integrating Domain-Specific Knowledge Graphs Based on the Semantic Web and Machine Learning
(2024) Telnov, V.
This chapter presents a project that focuses on creation and integration of domain-specific knowledge graphs based on Semantic Web standards and technologies, as well as the use of machine learning algorithms and Pareto optimization techniques. A working prototype of a semantic portal has been developed as a publicly available web service. The first part of the chapter discusses the practical aspects of implementing the project in educational settings and provides examples of knowledge graph usage at National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI". In the second part, we explore and discuss optimal machine learning techniques for integrating knowledge graphs with external data sources, which may be in various formats such as RDF, RDFS, OWL, XML, JSON, CSV, or even be stored in a relational database or not organized in any specific way. We present examples of data integration in the context of knowledge graphs within the domain of "Computer Science and Programming". The third section of the chapter discusses the architecture of a semantic web portal for university students and faculty, as well as the key components of network software. The * Corresponding Author's Email: telnov@bk.ru. Victor Telnov and Konstantin Odintsov 2 implemented software solutions utilize cloud computing. Database as a Service (DBaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS) models are employed to ensure the scalability of data warehouses and network services.
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Multiscale Modeling of Nanophotonics: Materials and Simulations
(2018) Bagaturyants, A.; Vener, M.
The idea of theoretically predicting the useful properties of various materials using multiscale simulations has become popular in recent years. Of special interest are nanostructured, organic functional materials, which have a hierarchical structure and are considered materials of the future because of their flexibility and versatility. Their functional properties are inherited from the molecule that lies at the heart of the hierarchical structure. On the other hand, the properties of this functional molecule, in particular its absorption and emission spectra, strongly depend on its interactions with its molecular environment. Therefore, the multiscale simulations used to predict the properties of organic functional materials should be atomistic, that is, they should be based on classical and/or quantum methods that explicitly take into account the molecular structure and intermolecular interactions at the atomic level. This book, written by well-known specialists in theoretical chemistry, focuses on the basics of classical mechanics, quantum chemistry methods used for molecular disordered materials, classical methods of molecular simulations of disordered materials, vibronic interactions, and applications (presented as multiscale strategies for atomistic simulations of photonic materials). It has been edited by Professor Mikhail Alfimov, a renowned Russian scientist, a full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, and the founder, first director, and now research supervisor of the Photochemistry Center of the Russian Academy of Science, Russia. Professor Alfimov’s main research interests are in the field of photochemistry and photophysics of molecular and supramolecular systems. The book is a great reference for advanced undergraduate- and graduate-level students of nanotechnology and molecular science and researchers in nano- and molecular science, nanotechnology, chemistry, and physical chemistry, especially those with an interest in functional materials.
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Nuclear Nonproliferation and Arms Control
(PIR Center, 2024) Antonov, А.; Chernenko, E.; Efremov, G.; Istomin, I.; Karnaukhova, E.; Kuchinov, V.; Lysenko, M.; Malov, A.; Margoev, A.; Orlov, V.; Pakhomova, D; Semenov, S.; Кучинов, Владимир Петрович; Vorontsov, A.; Vishnevetsky, I.; Ubeev, A.; Trenin, D.; Stefanovich, D.
The textbook "Nuclear Nonproliferation and Arms Control. Digital Papers" was designed as a preparation to, and a continuation of the First PIR Center Online Course on Nuclear Nonproliferation and Arms Control. The "Digital Papers" are intended for a wide foreign English-speaking audience of diplomats and government officials, journalists, employees of research centers and institutes, instructors and students, functionaries of public organizations dealing with international cooperation and public diplomacy, as well as all those who are simply interested in the nuclear domain or adhere to the principle of life-long learning. It will also be of interest to Russian specialists who would like to develop their professional vocabulary and conceptual system in English. All of them will have an opportunity to get acquainted with the theoretical approaches to the study of nuclear nonproliferation and arms control regimes, their history, and, of course, the current challenges. To make the "Digital Papers" more diverse, comprehensive, and versatile, offering different perspectives on issues, many Russian experts with different professional background and experience, views, and opinions were invited. The publication of "Nuclear Nonproliferation and Arms Control. Digital Papers" is dedicated to this 30th anniversary of PIR Center founded on April 30, 1994.
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On the Edge of Magnetic Fusion Devices
(© Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2020) Krasheninnikov, S.; Smolyakov, A.; Kukushkin, A.
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
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Radial Profiles of the Plasma Potential in Ohmic and L-Mode Plasmas
(2019) Melnikov, A. V.; Мельников, Александр Владимирович
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
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Recent advances in nuclear power technologies
(2020) Samokhin, D.; Самохин, Дмитрий Сергеевич
© 2020 Elsevier Inc.The chapter presents the design of nuclear reactors and their appearance, as well as the author’s opinion and fundamental issues arising from these reactors. The focus is on the arrangement of the reactor core. Questions that are examined include how to organize reliable cooling of the reactor core, what main structural measures are required and applied to the physical and technical characteristics of nuclear reactors that define these measures, and so on, without going into a detailed look at the individual elements of the cooling circuit. Methods for the direct conversion of heat into electrical energy are discussed in the chapter.
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Regular Black Holes Sourced by Nonlinear Electrodynamics
(Springer, 2023) Бронников, К. А.; Бронников, Кирилл Александрович
This chapter is a brief review on the existence and basic properties of static, spherically symmetric regular black hole solutions of general relativity where the source of gravity is represented by nonlinear electromagnetic fields with the Lagrangian function L depending on the single invariant $$f = F_{\mu \nu }F^{\mu \nu }$$ or on two variables: either L(f, h), where $$h = {}^*\!F_{\mu \nu }F^{\mu \nu }$$ , where $${}^*\!F_{\mu \nu }$$ is the Hodge dual of $$F_{\mu \nu }$$ , or L(f, J), where $$J = F_{\mu \nu }F^{\nu \rho } F_{\rho \sigma } F^{\sigma \mu }$$ . A number of no-go theorems are discussed, revealing the conditions under which the space-time cannot have a regular center, among which the theorems concerning L(f, J) theories are probably new. These results concern both regular black holes and regular particlelike or starlike objects (solitons) without horizons. Thus, a regular center in solutions with an electric charge $$q_e\ne 0$$ is only possible with nonlinear electrodynamics (NED) having no Maxwell weak field limit. Regular solutions with L(f) and L(f, J) NED, possessing a correct (Maxwell) weak-field limit, are possible if the system contains only a magnetic charge $$q_m \ne 0$$ . It is shown, however, that in such solutions the causality and unitarity as well as dynamic stability conditions are inevitably violated in a neighborhood of the center. Some particular examples are discussed.
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Safety systems of NPP-2006 design
(Rosatom Technical Academy, Obninsk Novovoronezh NPP, 2019) Povarov, V. P.; Ukraintsev, V. F.; Statsura, D. B.; Gusev, I. N.; Platonov, P. D.; Tuchkov, M. Yu.; Поваров, Владимир Петрович
Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) with VVER type reactors are under construction in Russia and abroad since 60-th of the past century (the first VVER type power unit was commissioned at Novovoronezh NPP in 1965). At present Nuclear power Plants (the design NPP – 2006) with reactor plant VVER-1200 are successfully operating at Novovoronezh NPP-2 (Units 1 and 2) and Leningrad NPP-2 (Unit 1).
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Sociological Mosaic-2018: monograph
(2019) Zadorozhnyuk, E. G.; Zadorozhnyuk, I. E.
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Trapped Ghosts as Sources for Wormholes and Regular Black Holes. The Stability Problem
(Springer, 2017) Bronnikov, K. A.; Бронников, Кирилл Александрович
The chapter briefly reviews the properties of static, spherically symmetric configurations of general relativity with a minimally coupled scalar field whose kinetic energy is negative in a restricted (strong-field) region of space and positive outside it. This “trapped ghost” concept may in principle explain why no ghosts are observed under usual, weak-field conditions. The configurations considered are wormholes and regular black holes without a center, in particular, black universes (black holes with an expanding cosmology beyond the event horizon). Spherically symmetric perturbations of these objects are considered, and it is stressed that, due to the universal shape of the effective potential near a transition surface from canonical to phantom behavior of the scalar field, such surfaces restrict the possible perturbations and play a stabilizing role.
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Автоматизированная система управления технологическим процессом АЭС-2006. Часть 1
(Диамат, 2022) Поваров, В. П.; Павлов, Л. П.; Ширяев, Д. А.; Самодеенко, А. А.; Вязников, С. В.; Синюков, Д. С.; Ребриков, Д. И.; Поваров, Владимир Петрович
Данное издание оформлено в виде руководства и предназначено для организаций и компаний, осуществляющих безопасное и эффективное ведение технологических процессов при эксплуатации атомных электрических станций. При написании данной книги было принято решение об описании АСУТП с точки зрения концепции, принципов и подходов, используемых при разработке проекта АСУТП АЭС-2006 НВАЭС-2. Этим вопросам в книге уделено достаточно большое внимание. Поскольку объём и количество систем управления значителен, то степень детализации изложения систем различна, но достаточна для понимания назначения и их функционирования и особенностей построения конкретной системы и полагающих принципов и, при необходимости, детализации составляющих элементов. Также данная книга может быть полезна студентам профильных ВУЗов и читателям, интересующимся данной проблематикой.
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Автоматизированная система управления технологическим процессом АЭС-2006. Часть 2
(Диамат, 2022) Поваров, В. П; Павлов, Л. П.; Ширяев, Д. А.; Самодеенко, А. А.; Вязников, С. В.; Синюков, Д. С.; Ребриков, Д. И.; Поваров, Владимир Петрович
Данное издание оформлено в виде руководства и предназначено для организаций и компаний, осуществляющих безопасное и эффективное ведение технологических процессов при эксплуатации атомных электрических станций. При написании данной книги было принято решение об описании АСУТП с точки зрения концепции, принципов и подходов, используемых при разработке проекта АСУТП АЭС-2006 НВАЭС-2. Этим вопросам в книге уделено достаточно большое внимание. Поскольку объём и количество систем управления значителен, то степень детализации изложения систем различна, но достаточна для понимания назначения и их функционирования и особенностей построения конкретной системы и полагающих принципов и, при необходимости, детализации составляющих элементов. Также данная книга может быть полезна студентам профильных ВУЗов и читателям, интересующимся данной проблематикой.