2019, Kosikov, S. V., Wolfengagen, V. E., Ismailova, L. Y., Вольфенгаген, Вячеслав Эрнстович, Исмаилова, Лариса Юсифовна

© 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The paper considers the problem of data enrichment, which is understood as supplying the data with semantics with further introduction of structuring. It also considers the data collected from heterogeneous sources with their subsequent organization in the form of information graphs. A data model is used in the form of a network, the framework of which is objects and relations between them. What is more, as objects, in turn, the relations can be used, and this potentially leads to higher order structures. The data connections and data dependencies are also taken into account. Providing semantic stability during the data enrichment requires solving a number of problems, among which the search for semantically unstable objects, their classification by types of instability and the identification of ways to overcome the instability. An approach is proposed to solve these problems on the basis of the homotopic type theory. Methods are considered for modifying unstable objects for types of different structures. The paper discusses the possibilities of using the results in information systems that allow to increase the “degree of cognitization” of the data and, in the long term, the transition to cognitive business.

2019, Kosikov, S. V., Ismailova, L. Y., Wolfengagen, V. E., Исмаилова, Лариса Юсифовна, Вольфенгаген, Вячеслав Эрнстович

© 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The paper considers the problem of supporting the semantic stability of the information system in the course of changing its subject area. The representation of changes is performed on the basis of connection of methods of applicative computational technologies and the “functor-as-object” construction by the use of formalism of displaced concepts. The database of the system is represented as a semantic network. Various mechanisms of the displaced concepts arising are considered, including those for formalizing the change in the scope of the concepts of the subject area, their definitions and recognition functions, as well as the parametric mechanism of displacement when the concepts associated with the original ones are changed. To ensure the manipulation of displaced concepts, a single presentation mechanism is used based on the “functor-as-object” construction. Basic constructions are created to represent a set of situations for the use of the displaced concept, and also for taking into account the connections of situations. The methods of topology and category theory are applied. The paper discusses possibilities of representation of the network modeling environment for supporting families of displaced concepts in the form of a set of representative constructions of an applicative computing system and solutions for constructing the appropriate tool environment. The following results are presented - of testing the prototype components of the environment while solving cognitive type problems in the field of jurisprudence.

2019, Kosikov, S. V., Ismailova, L. Y., Wolfengagen, V. E., Исмаилова, Лариса Юсифовна, Вольфенгаген, Вячеслав Эрнстович

© 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The paper discusses a solution to the problem of data storage in a Web environment and providing access to the data based on their semantics. The problem involves restricting access to data in accordance with the description of the access rights for different classes of users. The information is interpreted in different ways according to the semantics assigned to users. Access policies are proposed as the main technical tool for describing access rights. The provided information is consistent with the semantic description of the user accessing the information. The semantic matching of descriptions of users and the data representation combines formal and informal moments and in general is of a cognitive character. The proposed solution is based on the use of data representation in the form of semantic networks. The solution has computational nature and involves calculating the value of the structures of a specialized control semantic network describing access policies. The solution is presented in the form of a computational model, which is based on the intensional logic. The constructions of the model include both a logical means of general type and specialized structures for control the degree of intensionality. The model provides calculation of construction values depending on the parameter - assignment point. The proposed method of parameter assigning provides the possibility of taking into account the semantic characteristics of users of different classes, as well as a number of other factors essential to support the semantic network (including the presence of different versions). The article offers the architecture of the instrumental complex to support access policies that support the developed computational model, and describes its main components. The components were tested in solving practical problems in the field of jurisprudence to ensure the manipulation and visualization of concepts.